我在1月19日成立《競容全》專題，探討如何應用《孫子兵法》為基礎，結合華夏思想來作為這時代競爭紛亂衝突的解方。
［基本觀念］
解方：包容，唯有互相包容化敵為友，才能化解競爭的危機及風險。
目標：守全，保全所有的人的生命生活與生計，並永續發展。
［圖說］孫子兵法中的競爭、包容與守全之道
競爭，是人性的一部分，也是現實中不可避免的存在。無論是個人、企業，甚至國家，皆在爭奪有限的資源與機會。然而，孫子兵法告訴我們，真正高明的戰略並非無止境的對抗，而是在競爭中尋求包容，在較量中實現共存，最終達成「守全」的目標——確保競爭雙方所有人的生命、生計與長遠發展。而從競爭到守全的過程中，需要競爭雙方培養「寬容、包容」的態度。
競爭：人性的驅動力
孫子說：「兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。」競爭如同戰爭，是關乎生存與發展的重要課題。個人為了提升自己，企業為了擴展市場，國家為了維護主權，皆必須面對競爭。然而，競爭若不加以節制，可能導致資源耗盡，甚至引發衝突。因此，孫子提倡「全勝」而非「決戰」，即在競爭中尋求最小代價的最大利益。
包容：化競爭為共存
孫子強調：「不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。」真正的勝利，不是透過直接對抗，而是透過智慧與策略，讓對手主動接受自己的立場。這便是「包容」的戰略價值——與其視競爭對手為敵，不如尋找共同利益，化敵為友。正如《易經》的「山卦」所示，山有動靜之道，意味著我們在面對競爭時，應懂得何時進攻、何時退守、何時合作。包容不代表軟弱，而是一種進可攻、退可守的智慧。
守全：長遠的終極目標
競爭的終極目標，不是短期的勝負，而是確保所有人的生命、生計與永續發展。孫子說：「上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵。」最理想的戰略是透過智慧達成共存，而非單純依賴武力。在現實中，無論是商業競爭或國際關係，能夠「守全」者，才是真正的贏家。
「急如風、徐如林，迅速如火，不動如山」的戰略智慧，提醒我們在競爭時須靈活應變，懂得在適當時機選擇競爭、包容、等待或堅守，才能在變動的世界中立於不敗之地，最終實現「守全」之道。
The Way of Competition, Tolerance, and Preservation in The Art of War
Competition is an inherent part of human nature and an unavoidable reality. Whether for individuals, businesses, or nations, competition arises in the pursuit of limited resources and opportunities. However, The Art of War by Sun Tzu teaches us that true strategic wisdom does not lie in endless confrontation but in seeking tolerance within competition, achieving coexistence through balance, and ultimately attaining “preservation”—ensuring the survival, livelihood, and sustainable development of all.
Competition: The Driving Force of Human Nature
Sun Tzu stated, “Warfare is of vital importance to the state, the realm of life and death, the road to survival or ruin. It must not be neglected.” Competition, like war, is a crucial factor that determines survival and development. Individuals strive for self-improvement, businesses compete for market dominance, and nations safeguard their sovereignty. Yet, unchecked competition can lead to resource depletion and even destructive conflict. Therefore, Sun Tzu advocates for “total victory” (全勝), emphasizing the pursuit of maximum benefit with minimal cost rather than engaging in direct confrontation.
Tolerance: Transforming Competition into Coexistence
Sun Tzu also emphasized, “The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.” True victory is not achieved through brute force but through intelligence and strategy, persuading opponents to accept one’s position voluntarily. This embodies the value of tolerance—rather than viewing competitors as enemies, we should seek common interests and transform rivals into allies.
As depicted in the Hexagram of the Mountain (山卦) from the I Ching, the nature of a mountain involves both movement and stillness, symbolizing the need to understand when to advance, when to retreat, and when to cooperate. Tolerance is not a sign of weakness; rather, it is a strategic choice that enables both offensive and defensive advantages, ensuring long-term stability.
Preservation: The Ultimate Goal
The true purpose of competition is not short-term victory but the long-term preservation of lives, livelihoods, and sustainable progress. Sun Tzu stated, “The highest form of warfare is to subdue the enemy’s strategy, followed by diplomacy, and only as a last resort, direct combat.” This highlights that the best strategy is one that ensures coexistence rather than destruction.
In business and international relations alike, those who achieve preservation are the true victors. The wisdom of “Swift as the wind, silent as the forest, fierce as fire, and immovable as the mountain” reminds us to be adaptable in competition—knowing when to advance, when to tolerate, when to wait, and when to stand firm. By embracing this strategic mindset, we can navigate an ever-changing world, ensuring both success and sustainability.
