海：451 ～容之三寶：慈儉讓

 ［圖說］

老子曰：天下皆謂道大，道有三寶，持而保之。一曰慈，二曰儉，三曰不敢為天下先。慈故能勇，儉故能廣，不敢為天下先，故能成器長。

面對競爭，要學習大海的寬容，

對他人仁慈，他人會佑我助我，

對自己克制，內心會指引方向，

對天地謙卑，與人愈多己愈多。

［說明］

老子在《道德經》中提出「道有三寶」，即慈、儉與不敢為天下先，並強調持守這三種美德能讓人立於不敗之地。慈悲能使人真正勇敢，節儉能讓資源更加充盈，而謙遜不爭則能讓人成為眾人推崇的領袖。這三者並非懦弱，而是順應天地自然的智慧，使人在競爭中能夠長久立足。

面對競爭，我們應如大海般寬容包容。大海因能容百川，故成為至大；競爭中的人若能對他人懷抱仁慈，則能贏得人心，獲得支持。真正的勇者並非以武力壓制對手，而是以仁愛凝聚人心，轉敵為友，使競爭轉化為共榮共存。

其次，節制與內斂是力量的積蓄。過度揮霍與自滿容易使人迷失，而懂得克制的人則能保持內心清明，做出正確的決策。在競爭中，不是每一次對抗都需要正面衝突，適時收斂，蓄勢待發，反而能在關鍵時刻展現真正的實力，贏得長遠的發展。

最後，真正的強者從不爭先，而是順應時勢、與人為善，最終自然成為眾人推舉的領袖。過於爭強好勝的人，往往容易被環境淘汰，而願意謙遜包容的人，反而能夠與人同行，拓展更大的格局。競爭並非只是一場爭奪，而是尋找共存共榮之道。當一個人能對他人仁慈，對自己克制，對天地謙卑，那麼競爭將不再是對立，而是相互成就的過程。

Laozi, in the Dao De Jing, introduces the concept of the “Three Treasures” of the Dao: compassion (慈), frugality (儉), and humility (不敢為天下先). He emphasizes that adhering to these virtues allows one to stand undefeated. Compassion brings true courage, frugality ensures abundance, and humility enables one to become a respected leader. These qualities are not signs of weakness but rather a profound wisdom that aligns with the natural flow of the world, allowing one to thrive in competition.

When facing competition, we should be as vast and accommodating as the ocean. The sea is great because it accepts all rivers; similarly, a person who treats others with kindness earns their support and goodwill. True strength does not come from overpowering opponents but from uniting people through benevolence, transforming competition into mutual growth and coexistence.

Secondly, restraint and self-discipline are keys to long-term success. Excessive indulgence and arrogance often lead to downfall, while those who practice self-control maintain clarity and make wise decisions. In competition, not every confrontation requires direct conflict—sometimes, patience and strategic retreat allow one to gather strength and seize opportunities at the right moment, ultimately achieving sustainable success.

Finally, true leaders do not aggressively seek dominance but instead adapt to circumstances and work harmoniously with others, eventually earning respect and influence naturally. Those who are overly competitive and eager for power often find themselves eliminated by the very system they seek to control. In contrast, those who practice humility and cooperation can build lasting alliances and a broader vision. Competition is not merely about winning or losing but about discovering ways to coexist and prosper together.

When a person is compassionate toward others, disciplined in their own actions, and humble before the forces of nature, competition ceases to be a struggle for supremacy. Instead, it becomes a journey of mutual achievement and growth.

柔：450 ～以容化競：柔弱與剛強

 

［引言］

孫子曰：昔之善戰者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝。不可勝在己，可勝在敵。故曰：勝可知，而不可為。

面對競爭，學習山的守靜不動，

先求敵不勝我，這是我可做的，

若求我能勝敵，這不在我掌握，

彼進我退，彼剛我柔，容乃全。

［說明］

孫子在《孫子兵法》中強調，真正擅長戰爭的人，會先讓自己立於不敗之地，然後再等待敵人露出破綻，創造勝利的機會。他指出：「不可勝在己，可勝在敵。」這意味著，一方能否被擊敗，取決於自身的準備與防禦，而能否戰勝對手，則取決於敵人的錯誤或漏洞。因此，勝利雖然可以預測，卻無法強求，必須透過謹慎的布局與耐心等待來達成。

在競爭中，最重要的策略是學習山的穩固與沉靜，先確保自身穩定，不讓對手找到可乘之機。這與「先求敵不勝我」的道理相同，專注於強化自身的實力與防禦，使對方無法擊敗自己。相對地，若一開始便急於戰勝對手，這種勝利並非完全掌握在自己手中，而是依賴敵方的失誤，因此難以確保長久的優勢。

面對競爭，應該靈活運用剛柔相濟的策略。「彼進我退，彼剛我柔」，這種以退為進、以柔克剛的戰法，不僅能保存自身實力，還能利用敵方的動作來累積優勢。競爭並非純粹的對抗，而是需要耐心與智慧的較量，懂得容忍與適時退讓，才能在動盪中保全自己，並在適當的時機創造勝機。這正是孫子所說的「容乃全」，即透過靈活應變與審時度勢，使自己在競爭中長久立於不敗之地。

Sun Tzu, in The Art of War, emphasizes that true masters of warfare first ensure they are in an invincible position before waiting for the enemy to expose weaknesses. He states, “Invincibility lies in oneself, victory lies in the enemy.” This means that whether one can be defeated depends on their own preparation and defense, while whether one can defeat the opponent depends on the opponent’s mistakes or vulnerabilities. Thus, while victory can be anticipated, it cannot be forced; it must be achieved through careful planning and patient waiting.

In competition, the most crucial strategy is to learn from the mountain’s stability and stillness—ensuring one’s own security before engaging with the opponent. This aligns with the principle of “first ensuring the enemy cannot defeat me.” The key is to strengthen one’s own position and defense so that the opponent finds no opportunity to attack. Conversely, if one seeks immediate victory, success depends on the enemy’s missteps, making it an uncertain and unreliable advantage.

Facing competition requires a balance of flexibility and resilience. “If they advance, I retreat; if they are rigid, I remain soft.” This approach, known as overcoming hardness with softness, not only preserves one’s strength but also allows for the accumulation of advantages through the enemy’s actions. Competition is not merely about direct confrontation; it demands patience and strategic thinking. Understanding when to endure and when to withdraw is essential for long-term success. This is precisely what Sun Tzu refers to as “true preservation lies in adaptability.” By responding flexibly and assessing the situation wisely, one can maintain a position of invulnerability and seize opportunities for victory at the right moment.

孫：449 ～競容全和孫子兵法

 

如何善用孫子兵法，建立競容全的思考模式？

（1）競爭分析：A始計，B作戰

• 道天地將法五事，校之以七計，而索其情。
• 出師十萬，日費千金，兵貴神速不見巧久。
• 役不在籍，糧不三載。

（2）競爭策略：C謀攻

• 全爭天下：不戰而屈人之兵，上兵伐謀
• 比例原則：十則圍，五則攻，倍則分，等則戰，小則守，不若則避
• 勝之五道：可不可戰，眾寡之用，上下同欲，虞待不虞，將與君和不和？

（3）全而不殆：D軍形，E兵勢，F虛實

• 內形：守不足，攻有餘，可勝在己，不可勝在敵；自保全勝，立於不敗之地
• 外形：度量數稱勝，軍事實力的關鍵
• 兵勢，以正合奇勝，如轉圓石於千仞之山
• 虛實：致人而不致於人，因敵變化而取勝

（4）以容化競：G軍爭，H九變

• 以迂為直，以患為利
• 以詐立，以利動，以分合為變
• 迅風，徐林，掠火，靜山，隱陰，震雷
• 治心，治氣，治力，治變
• 將通九變之利，且得人之用
• 將有五危，用兵之災

（5）戰術陣容：I行軍，J地形，K九地

• 對陣的考慮：山上，水上，斥澤，平陸
• 避免的危險地方：絕澗、天井、天牢、天羅、天陷、天隙
• 觀察敵人的容貌：利。來。疑。伏。覆。車來。徒來。樵採。營軍。進。退。陣。謀。期。誘。飢。渴。勞。虛。恐。將不重。亂。倦。軍無糧。窮寇。失眾。窘。困。不精之至。欲休息。卒之親不親服不服。
• 助我兵力的六種地形：通者，挂者，支者，隘者，險者，遠者。
• 領導失敗的六種兵貌：走者，弛者，陷者，崩者，亂者，北者。
• 祝我攻敵之九種地形：散地，輕地，爭地，交地，衢地，重地，圮地，圍地，死地。
• 將軍的治兵之道，以成霸王之兵

（6）非接觸戰術：L火攻，M用間

• •火攻之變：火發于內，火發兵靜，極其火力，火發于外，火發上風。
• •五種用間：鄉間、內間、反間、死間、生間。

發：448 ～好事發生（乙巳年正日）

繫：447 ～繫紡心（甲辰年除夕）

 今天甲辰年除夕，告別變動的龍年，迎向乙巳年。

面對動亂＇我們更要心連心，更多溝通展現善良和感恩，像蛇紋一樣交紡相繫，迎接健康平安美好！

雙：446 ～夫妻雙融或雙容

 ［圖說］

婚姻是一種長期的相處關係，涉及價值觀、習慣、情感與生活方式的磨合。在這個過程中，夫妻間的適應模式可大致分為「雙融」與「雙容」。雙融指的是當一方對另一方的要求或行為感到不喜歡時，選擇配合改變或調整自己，甚至接受對方的要素來替代自己的某些特質。相對地，雙容則是當一方對另一方的要求或行為感到不喜歡時，雖然不願配合改變，但能夠接受對方的存在，讓彼此共生共存。

［說明］

夫妻之間：雙融還是雙容？

婚姻是一種長期的相處關係，涉及價值觀、習慣、情感與生活方式的磨合。在這個過程中，夫妻間的適應模式可大致分為「雙融」與「雙容」。雙融指的是當一方對另一方的要求或行為感到不喜歡時，選擇配合改變或調整自己，甚至接受對方的要素來替代自己的某些特質。相對地，雙容則是當一方對另一方的要求或行為感到不喜歡時，雖然不願配合改變，但能夠接受對方的存在，讓彼此共生共存。這兩種模式反映了婚姻中的適應與尊重，但哪一種方式更適合夫妻關係，則取決於雙方的價值觀與相處方式。

雙融的優點在於能夠促進彼此的契合，使夫妻的行為與價值趨於一致，減少衝突。例如，若丈夫喜歡早睡，而妻子習慣夜貓子生活，雙融的方式可能是妻子逐漸調整作息，與丈夫同步，或丈夫改變自己的習慣，以適應對方。然而，這種模式的挑戰在於，若雙方長期為對方而改變自己，可能會失去個人特質，甚至導致內心壓抑，最終影響婚姻的穩定性。

相較之下，雙容則強調彼此的獨立性，允許對方保持原有的行為模式，而不強求改變。例如，若丈夫熱愛運動，而妻子對此毫無興趣，雙容的方式便是各自維持自己的愛好，而不要求對方參與。這樣的模式能夠保留個體的自由，避免勉強與委屈，但若雙方缺乏足夠的包容與理解，可能會導致心理上的距離感，讓彼此的關係變得冷漠或疏離。

在婚姻關係中，雙融與雙容並非絕對的選擇，而應該根據具體情境靈活調整。有些方面需要雙融，例如共同的生活習慣與價值觀，以建立穩定的家庭基礎；而在個人興趣與個性發展上，則應該適度雙容，以維持彼此的獨立性與自由度。真正幸福的婚姻，並非完全一致或完全獨立，而是能夠在雙融與雙容之間取得平衡，讓彼此既能攜手前行，又能保有自我。

Between Mutual Integration and Mutual Acceptance in Marriage

Marriage is a long-term relationship that involves the integration of values, habits, emotions, and lifestyles. In this process, couples generally adopt one of two approaches: mutual integration or mutual acceptance. Mutual integration occurs when one partner dislikes the other’s requests or behaviors but chooses to adapt, adjust, or even replace their own traits with those of their partner. In contrast, mutual acceptance means that even if one partner dislikes certain behaviors or requests from the other, they do not adapt or change but simply accept the other’s existence, allowing both individuals to coexist. These two approaches reflect different ways of maintaining harmony and respect in marriage, but which one is more suitable depends on the couple’s values and interaction style.

The advantage of mutual integration is that it fosters compatibility, aligning the behaviors and values of both partners and reducing conflicts. For example, if the husband prefers to sleep early while the wife is a night owl, mutual integration might mean that the wife gradually adjusts her schedule to align with her husband’s, or vice versa. However, the challenge with this approach is that if both partners continually change themselves for the other, they may lose their individuality and feel suppressed, ultimately affecting the stability of their marriage.

On the other hand, mutual acceptance emphasizes individuality, allowing each partner to maintain their own behaviors without forcing change. For instance, if the husband enjoys sports while the wife has no interest in them, mutual acceptance would mean that each continues their hobbies independently without expecting the other to participate. This approach preserves personal freedom and avoids forced compromises, but if there is insufficient mutual understanding and emotional connection, it may create psychological distance, leading to a colder or more distant relationship.

In a successful marriage, mutual integration and mutual acceptance should not be seen as opposing choices but rather as complementary strategies. Some aspects of marriage require mutual integration—such as shared daily habits and core values—to build a stable foundation. However, in areas like personal interests and individual growth, mutual acceptance is essential to maintaining independence and freedom. A truly fulfilling marriage does not demand complete uniformity or total separation; rather, it finds a balance between these two approaches, allowing both partners to walk together while preserving their own identities.

蜂：445 ～蜂蜜拿鐵咖啡喻融

 ［圖說］

咖啡牛奶交融，混合比例決定是溶、容、空！

倒入牛奶，變成拿鐵咖啡，牛奶消失不見了！

滴入蜂蜜，變成蜂蜜拿鐵，蜂蜜消失不見了！

如果一鍋子咖啡，牛奶和蜂蜜更微不足道了！

咖啡與乳共相容，拿鐵色澤奶味濃。

滴蜜無形香入口，甘甜化溶意無蹤。

若有巨鍋添微量，杯水車薪一場空。

比例拿捏成妙理，大併小滅亦是融。

［說明］

咖啡與牛奶的哲理：容、溶、空

當熱騰騰的黑咖啡倒入一杯牛奶，兩者迅速交融，形成溫潤的拿鐵。原本深沉的咖啡色逐漸變淡，牛奶的白色似乎消失了，但我們仍能從那奶褐色的變化中，辨識出牛奶的存在。這便是「容」——咖啡接納了牛奶，使其存在於整體之中，但牛奶仍保持著某種可見的痕跡。這種狀態猶如人際關係中的包容：雖然彼此融合，但仍保有自身特色，讓不同的成分共存。

當一滴蜂蜜緩緩滴入這杯拿鐵，與咖啡和牛奶充分攪拌後，蜂蜜的形體完全消失了，再也無法從視覺上察覺它的存在。然而，當我們啜飲這杯蜂蜜拿鐵時，那股淡淡的甜香卻在口中縈繞不散。這是「溶」——蜂蜜徹底融入了整體，使其味道產生微妙變化。這種狀態如同真正的理解與內化：有些事物不需要外顯的形態，但它的影響已經深入其中，使整體的本質改變。

然而，當我們放大視角，假設眼前是一整鍋咖啡，然後倒入一些牛奶，再滴入一滴蜂蜜，情況就完全不同了。此時，牛奶與蜂蜜的加入微不足道，它們既無法改變顏色，也難以影響味道。這種情境便是「空」——當比例過於懸殊，個體的影響力便趨近於零，最終彷彿什麼都沒發生過。這與個人在龐大環境中的處境類似：當一個人的影響太過微小時，無論如何努力，都可能淹沒於大環境之中，變得無足輕重。

「容」、「溶」、「空」三者之間的變化，端看比例的拿捏。適當的比例，能讓個體既被接納，也能展現自身價值；過度稀釋，則可能讓存在感蕩然無存。這不只是沖泡咖啡的學問，更是人生智慧的體現。

The Philosophy of Coffee and Milk: Containment, Dissolution, and Emptiness

When steaming hot black coffee is poured into a cup of milk, the two quickly blend together, forming a smooth latte. The once dark coffee gradually lightens, and the milk’s whiteness seems to disappear. However, we can still perceive its presence through the change in color. This represents containment—the coffee accommodates the milk, allowing it to exist within the whole while still retaining a distinguishable trace. This state resembles tolerance in human relationships: although different elements merge, each still maintains its unique characteristics, coexisting harmoniously.

When a drop of honey is gently added to this latte and stirred thoroughly, the honey’s form completely vanishes. It is no longer visible, yet when we take a sip, a faint sweetness lingers in our mouth. This is dissolution—the honey has fully integrated into the mixture, altering its essence without leaving any trace of its original shape. This state is akin to true understanding and internalization: some influences do not need to be explicitly seen, but their effects subtly permeate the whole, transforming its nature.

However, if we change our perspective and imagine an entire pot of coffee, then pour in a bit of milk and a single drop of honey, the result is entirely different. In this case, the milk and honey become insignificant—they neither change the color nor have a noticeable effect on the flavor. This represents emptiness—when the proportion is too unbalanced, the influence of the individual elements becomes negligible, ultimately making no perceptible difference. This mirrors an individual’s role in a vast environment: when one’s presence is too small in comparison, no matter how much effort is made, they may still be swallowed by the larger system, fading into obscurity.

The transition between containment, dissolution, and emptinessdepends entirely on proportion. The right balance allows an element to be accepted while still showcasing its value. However, when overly diluted, its presence may vanish entirely. This is not only a principle of making coffee but also a reflection of life’s wisdom.

轉：444 ～知常容，全乃久（道商范蠡）

 ［圖說］

圖是范蠡與西施遊於江湖、全身而退的意境。

（一）范蠡懂得進退之道，他盱衡情勢不事吳楚而事越王，幫助越王勾踐與吳王夫差競爭。

（二）第一次夫椒之戰，越王戰敗，他勸越王容忍，委屈求全。經過十年養精蓄銳後，經過姑蘇戰爭終於打敗吳王，成為霸主。

（三）越王成功後，范蠡知道他立下大功，將成為越王的心腹大患，因此他就隱姓埋名，離開江南，才能全身而退。

（四）范蠡和西施到山東行商，每次賺大錢後，就會散盡家產濟助貧民及回饋鄉里，他知道不盈滿才能保全，利他才能長久。

［詩說］

商聖妙算事勾踐，輔君謀略戰吳雄。

初敗勸容退蓄勢，臥薪嘗膽霸業隆。

功高震主急流轉，㩗手佳偶江海中。

散金濟世安身退，不逐浮華壽與同。

［故事］

范蠡的故事展現了他高超的智慧、適應能力，以及在適當時機全身而退的遠見。他的人生體現了在政治與商業領域生存的原則，既能確保自身安全，又能獲得長遠的成功。

1. 選擇正確的效忠對象

范蠡深知選擇明主的重要性。他沒有選擇侍奉當時強盛的吳國或楚國，而是決定輔佐越王勾踐，因為他看到了越國崛起的潛力。在吳王夫差與越王的競爭中，他成為越國的重要謀臣，幫助勾踐籌謀國策，應對強敵。

2. 忍辱負重，以退為進

在第一次夫椒之戰中，越國慘敗。范蠡勸勾踐忍辱負重，向吳國屈服，以保存實力。他主張韜光養晦，等待時機。勾踐遵循其計策，隱忍多年，暗中積蓄力量。經過十年的養精蓄銳，越國終於發動姑蘇之戰，徹底擊敗吳王夫差，使越國成為霸主。

3. 功成身退，保全自身

雖然范蠡立下了赫赫戰功，但他深知「飛鳥盡，良弓藏」的道理。他觀察到勾踐為人多疑，擔心自己功高震主，終有一天會遭到猜忌。他果斷選擇隱姓埋名，悄然離開江南，避開可能的政治風險，從而保全自身，功成身退。

4. 經商致富，樂善好施

離開政治舞臺後，范蠡與西施前往山東經商，憑藉他的智慧與遠見迅速積累大量財富。然而，他從不過度貪戀金錢，每次賺取巨額財富後，他都會散盡家產，濟助貧困百姓，回饋鄉里。他深知「滿招損，謙受益」，不盈滿才能長久，樂於助人才能讓財富與幸福延續不斷。

范蠡的一生傳達了 「知進退、耐得住、懂得離場、樂於分享」 的智慧。他能夠在野心與謙遜、競爭與合作、個人利益與集體福祉之間取得平衡，最終成為歷史上最受敬仰的人物之一。

Fan Li’s story is one of strategic wisdom, adaptability, and the ability to retreat at the right moment. His life exemplifies the principles of survival in both political and economic arenas, ensuring both personal safety and long-term success.

1. Choosing the Right Allegiance

Fan Li understood the importance of aligning with the right ruler. Instead of serving the powerful states of Wu or Chu, he chose to assist King Goujian of Yue, foreseeing that Yue had the potential to rise. He played a key role in Yue’s struggle against Wu, helping his king navigate the fierce competition with King Fuchai of Wu.

2. Enduring Humiliation for Future Victory

In the First Battle of Fujiao, Yue suffered a devastating defeat. Fan Li advised King Goujian to endure the humiliation and submit to Wu, advocating patience and resilience. The king followed his advice, enduring years of hardship while secretly strengthening Yue’s forces. After a decade of careful planning and military preparation, Yue launched a successful campaign, culminating in the Battle of Gusu, where Wu was finally defeated, and Yue became the dominant power.

3. Retreating at the Height of Success

Despite his instrumental role in Yue’s victory, Fan Li understood that great achievements could breed political suspicion. Having observed Goujian’s ruthless nature, he realized that staying in court would eventually make him a threat to the king. To avoid becoming a target, he changed his name and left Jiangnan, ensuring his safety and preserving his legacy.

4. A Life of Giving and Renewal

After leaving the political world, Fan Li and the famous beauty Xishi moved to Shandong, where he became a merchant. His business acumen led him to great wealth, but he never sought excessive accumulation. Instead, each time he amassed a fortune, he would distribute his wealth to the poor and support his hometown. He understood that avoiding excess was the key to long-term security and that benefiting others ensured sustainable success.

Fan Li’s life teaches the importance of strategic retreat, patience in adversity, knowing when to leave, and the value of generosity. His ability to balance ambition with humility, competition with cooperation, and personal gain with collective well-being made him one of the most admired figures in Chinese history.